13. Surely consume. The phrase thus translated is ambiguous, the other possibility being that it may be derived from the ’asaph, which means “to gather.” The clause would then read, “I will surely gather.” The reads, “They shall gather together.” Compare Zeph. 1:2, 3. The translation “I will surely consume” is based on the assumption that the root of the verb is suph rather than ’asaph.
No grapes. Some regard the passage as a threat of crop failure and of scarcity of food. It seems better to understand the language figuratively, as a description of the nation. God’s people had become a degenerate, fruitless vine, a barren fig tree, and a withered branch (see Isa. 5:2; Jer. 2:21; Matt. 21:19; Luke 13:7-9).
The leaf. Contrast the picture of the righteous man in Ps. 1:3 with the picture in Jer. 17:8.
Shall pass away from them. The Hebrew of the last clause is obscure. The has no corresponding clause. The Hebrew may literally be rendered, “I will give to them, they shall traverse them.” The connection between these two ideas is not clear.