The Israelites had to purify themselves according to the law, and to abide without the camp seven days, though they had not contracted any moral guilt, the war being just and lawful, and commanded by God. Thus God would preserve in their minds a dread and detestation of shedding blood. The spoil had been used by Midianites, and being now come into the possession of Israelites, it was fit that it should be purified.
Purify. With water mingled with the ashes of a red heifer (see ch.19). Ceremonial uncleanness was a serious matter for the children of Israel (see Mark 7:15).