22. North country. See on 1:14; 4:6.
Raised. ‘ur, “to be aroused,” “to be incited to activity.”
The pastors. Literally, “shepherds.” This expression designates responsible leaders in Israel’s theocracy, both civil and religious (see Jer. 3:15; 10:21; Jer. 22:22; Jer. 25:34-36; 1 Kings 22:17; Isa. 44:28; Zech. 10:3; 11:5).
Sides of the earth. A figure denoting the remote parts of the earth (see 25:32). The invader is elsewhere described as coming “from far” ( 5:15). The land of the captivity from which God would bring His people is described in terms similar to those used here ( 31:8).